Retractions Policy

Retractions Policy

Daryaft is committed to maintaining the integrity, accuracy, and transparency of the scholarly record. The journal follows the principles and recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and the research ethics policies of the National University of Modern Languages (NUML).

Retraction is intended to correct the scholarly record and inform readers of publications containing seriously unreliable or unethical content. Retractions are issued to preserve the integrity of the literature and are not intended as a form of punishment.

Grounds for Retraction

A published article may be retracted when there is clear evidence that:

• the findings are unreliable due to research misconduct (including data fabrication, falsification, or manipulation) or honest error;
• plagiarism, duplicate publication, or redundant publication has occurred;
• the research was conducted or published in violation of accepted ethical standards;
• authorship has been misrepresented or serious authorship misconduct has been established;
• significant undisclosed conflicts of interest have compromised the integrity or interpretation of the published work; or
• any other form of publication or research misconduct has materially affected the reliability of the article.

Retraction Procedure

All allegations of research or publication misconduct are handled fairly, objectively, and confidentially.

• Concerns may be raised by authors, readers, reviewers, editors, institutions, or other stakeholders.
• The Editorial Board will assess the concerns in accordance with the journal's ethical policies, COPE guidance, and, where applicable, NUML's research ethics and misconduct procedures.
• Authors will be informed of the concerns and given a reasonable opportunity to respond and provide supporting evidence.
• Where appropriate, the journal may seek clarification from the authors' affiliated institutions or other relevant authorities.
• Following completion of the investigation, the Editor, in consultation with the Editorial Board, will determine the appropriate course of action.

Retraction Notice

When an article is retracted:

• a formal retraction notice will be published promptly and permanently linked to the original article;
• the notice will clearly state the reason(s) for the retraction while avoiding defamatory language;
• the original article will remain available as part of the scholarly record but will be clearly and permanently identified as Retracted; and
• the journal will ensure that retraction information is communicated transparently to readers and indexing services where appropriate.

Corrections and Expressions of Concern

When concerns do not justify retraction, the journal may publish one of the following:

• Erratum – to correct errors introduced during the publication process.
• Corrigendum – to correct significant author errors that do not invalidate the findings.
• Expression of Concern – when there is inconclusive evidence of misconduct or an investigation is ongoing but readers should be alerted.
• Retraction – when the findings or publication are determined to be unreliable or ethically compromised.

Author-Initiated Retractions

Authors who identify significant errors or ethical issues in their published work are encouraged to notify the journal promptly. Requests for retraction will be evaluated using the same ethical standards and procedures applied to all retraction cases.

Editorial Independence

Retraction decisions are based solely on the integrity and reliability of the scholarly record. Editorial decisions are made independently and are not influenced by financial considerations, institutional interests, sponsorship, or commercial relationships.

Daryaft remains committed to promoting responsible research, ethical publishing practices, and maintaining a trustworthy scholarly record in accordance with internationally accepted standards.